2 Year English Notes

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SHORT - MODERN PROSE

(Paper Tips are only given in the Hard Copy)

Answer the following questions 
1. How did our earth come into being?

Ans. It came into being when the mountain on the surface of the sun broke.

2. Write a note on the beginning of life on the earth.

Ans. When the earth cooled down, life started in simple organisms.

3. Why is there no life on the stars?

Ans. It is because the stars are burning balls of fire.

4. How has the scientific method helped us in our fight against disease?

Ans. Scientific method has invented medicines that cure diseases. 

5. How was food preserved in the past?

Ans. It was preserved by canning, pickling or drying. 

6. What were the superstitious beliefs practiced by people in the past?

Ans. Those were fear of black cats, broken mirrors and the number 13. 

7. What is the common cause of failure of students?

Ans. It is parents' mistaken ambition for their children.

8. How is health another cause of the failure of students?

Ans. An unhealthy student usually has unhealthy mind so he fails.

9. Who are lazy bluffers?

Ans. They are the boastful boys who have not found any serious interest in life.

10. How did the writer feel on Friday night?

Ans. Friday night was the best night of the week for him as there lay two full holidays.

11. What were unexpected respites?

Ans. Those were out of routine holidays.

12. What were the things the writer longed for but could not have?

Ans. These were a tricycle, a bicycle, sweets and ice-cream.

13. Why should bad books be destroyed?

Ans. Destruction of them makes room for new books and sorting of books becomes easier.

14. Why is it difficult to destroy books?

Ans. We develop a feeling of possessing the purchased books and do not find a scaffold for them.

15. Why could not the author burn the unwanted books?

Ans. He had no kitchen range and he could not burn them leaf by leaf on gas cooker.

16. How did Jerome K. Jerome come to suspect that his liver was out of order?

Ans. He suspected it when he read the symptoms of ill-liver in a paten liver-pill circular. 

17. Why did the writer go to the British Museum?

Ans. He went there to read up the treatment of ailments of which he had a touch. 

18. What was the prescription given to the writer by the doctor?

Ans. It was to eat good diet, sleep well and avoid the things you don't understand. 

19. Why did the manager come to think that Leacock had an awful secret to reveal?

Ans. It was because Leacock wanted to see the manager alone.

20. Write at least two blunders committed by Leacock in the bank.

Ans. Firstly he entered into a safe and secondly wrote fifty six instead of six on the cheque.

21. After his mis-adventure in the bank, where did Leacock keep his money?

Ans. He kept cash in his trousers pocket and savings in a sock.

22. Why has the world changed its attitude towards China? 

Ans. It is because China has made great progress in all fields of life. 

23. What is decentralized economy? 

Ans. It means the development of the cities and the villages at the same level. 

24. Write a note on Chinese women. 

Ans. Chinese women are hard working and lack femininity. The do not use beauty products. 

25. What does famine mean? 

Ans. It means that a great number of people do not have enough food to eat. 

26. How do famines occur? 

Ans. The failure of crops due to disease and the lack of rain can cause famines. 

27. What is the major cause of increase in the population? 

Ans. It is that more people are born than those who die. 

28. What was Cardova called "The Jewel of the World"? 

Ans. It was called so because of beautiful buildings and centre of all cultural activities. 

x29. What did the Abbasid Caliph say on receiving the head of his governor? 

Ans. He thanked God for having placed a sea between him and his enemy. 

30. Who was Al-Hakam? 

Ans. He was a scholar and Abd-al-Rahman's successor.

SHORT - HEROES

(Paper Tips are only given in the Hard Copy)

Answer the following questions. 
1. How did Churchil do his Latin Paper?
Ans. He wrote his name and number of question, and left the entire paper blank.
2. Why did Churchill not do well in the examinations?
Ans. He liked poetry and essay writing but the examiners were interested in Latin and Mathematics.
3. Which subject was taught to Churchill?
Ans. He was taught English at Harrow.
4. Who was Mr. Welldon? 
Ans. He was the head of Harrow who judged the hidden qualities in Churchill.
5. How did Somervell teach English? 
Ans. He taught English very well by means of different colourful inks.
6. What good did Churchill's three years stay at Harrow to him? 
Ans. He learnt the basic rules of English during his stay which proved very useful for him in future.
7. What thing attracted Christopher to visit Sahara?
Ans. The threat of his foster mother to send him to Timbuktu attracted him to visit Sahara.
8. What was the most noticeable feature of the desert city named Ghardaia?
Ans. It was a typical desert city. Flies were in plenty there.
9. What did Christopher do at El-Golea? 
Ans. El-Golea was an oasis. Christopher used to take bath in a little pool and lay on the cool grass.
10. Who was Professor Claude Balanguernon?
Ans. He was a Frenchman who devoted his life to educate the Taureg people and became the guide of Christopher.
11. How did Christopher manage to get water at Abbangarit?
Ans. He used the wire of his recording machine and a tea-pot to get water.  
12. What did Christopher do when he reached Timbuktu? 
Ans. He took some rest, regained his health and planned for further adventures.
13. What is antiseptic method?
Ans. Killing of harmful germs by chemicals known as antiseptics is called antiseptic method.
14. What was the chief defect of antiseptic method?
Ans. This method not only destroyed the germs but also the white blood cells of body.
15. What part is played by the white cells in the blood of a human body?
Ans. These protect the body against diseases.
16. What is Lysozyme? How was it discovered?
Ans. It is a natural antiseptic discovered by Fleming while examining his own nasal secretions.
17. How was penicillin discovered?
Ans. It was discovered accidentally when a mould fell in the culture plate in Fleming's laboratory.
18. Why couldn't penicillin have been discovered in the research laboratories of America?
Ans. It was because their laboratories were dust-proof and very clean.
19. How can we say that Pasteur was a great patriot?
Ans. He served himself to serve in the army, saved the wine and silk industry of his country.
20. How did Pasteur discover the method of making vaccines?
Ans. He inoculated weakened germs into the healthy animals to save them from diseases.
21. What do you mean by spontaneous generation?
Ans. Spontaneous generation means that things change without the external influence.
22. How did Pasteur discover the treatment for the cattle disease, Anthrax?
Ans. He inoculated weakened germs into the healthy animals to save them from Anthrax.
23. How did Pasteur cure the silkworm disease?
Ans. By doing an epic of experiments and telling the cause of disease he cured the disease.
24. Which was the first human disease to which vaccination was applied?
Ans. It was Hydrophobia or Rabies caused by the bite of a mad dog.
25. Why was Mustafa Kamal sent to Anatolia? 
Ans. He was sent there to put down the rebels who were not obeying Padsha.
26. Why did Mehmet order Mustafa Kamal to return to Constantinople? 
Ans. Mehmet felt that he was working against the interest of his government.
27. What was Mustafa Kamal's reply? 
Ans. He said, " I shall stay in Anatolia until the nation has won its independence.
28. What was decided by the Grand Turkish National Assembly at the end of War?  
Ans. It decided by the unanimous vote to abolish the Sultanate in Turkey.
29. What were Mustafa Kamal's social reforms? 
Ans. He finished old title, abolished veil and allowed higher education for women.
30. What were Mustafa Kamal's economic reforms?
Ans. He encouraged heavy industry. The banking system was organized. New roads and railways were constructed.

SHORT - GOOD BYE MR. CHIPS

(Paper Tips are only given in the Hard Copy)

Answer the following questions. 
1. Why did Chips leave Melbury?

Ans. He left it because he had been ragged there a good deal.
2. When was Brookfield established and rebuilt?
Ans. It was established in the reign of Elizabeth and rebuilt in the reign of George I.
3. What kind of people did Brookfield produce?
Ans. It produced knights, bishops, judges, colonial administratives, businessmen and politicians etc.
4. Who was Wetherby?
Ans. He was the head of Brookfield when Chips joined it.
5. Who was Colley?
Ans. He was the first student punished by Chips at Brookfield.
6. How did Mr. Chips meet Katherine Bridges?
Ans. He met her by an incident on Great Gable in Lake District.
7. Why did Katherine like Chips?
Ans. She liked him because of his gentle behaviour, outdated opinions and honest thoughts.
8. How did Katherine influence Chips after their marriage?
Ans. She made him a new man. His humour, mind, discipline and popularity got improved.
9. When did Katherine and her new born child die?
Ans.They died on 1st April, 1898.
10. Who was Collingwood?
Ans. He was the student punished by Chips for climbing on to the gymnasium roof.
11. What kind of person was Ralston?
Ans. He was a modernist and live-wire of thirty-seven years old.
12. Why did Ralston not like Mr. Chips?
Ans. It was because Mr. Chips' dress and teaching method were old fashioned.
13. Why did Ralston quarrel with Chips?
Ans. He quarreled with Chips because Chips refused to resign from the school.
14. Who was Sir John Rivers?
Ans. He was the chairman of the Governors and old student of Mr. Chips.
15. What kind of speech did Chips make in the farewell party?
Ans. It was a short and humorous speech full of references.
16. What was given to Chips on his retirement?
Ans. He was given a cheque, a writing table and a wall clock.
17. Where did Mr. Chips lodge after his retirement?
Ans. He lodged at Mrs. Wickett's house.
18. Who was Mrs. Wickett?
Ans. She was the owner of the house that Chips lodged after his retirement.
19. How did Chips spend his days after his retirement?
Ans. He spent them in recalling past, entertaining guests and editing Brookfieldian Directory etc.
20. How was Chips' hospitality?
Ans. He entertained his guests with tea, cakes and conversation in a jolly manner.
21. When did Meldrum die and how?
Ans. He died in 1900 due to pneumonia.
22. Who was Chatteris?
Ans. He was the successor of Ralston. He was a modern and sympathetic man of 34.
23. What was the contribution of Brookfield to England?
Ans. It provided professional people in peace, and teachers and students as soldiers in war.
24. How was Mr. Chips an institution at Brookfield?
Ans. His long stay, experience and knowledge of Brookfield history made in an institution in himself.
25. Who was Merivale?
Ans. He was Mr. Chips' doctor and friend.
26. How did Chips spend his money?
Ans. He spent it on his disease, paying rent, entertaining guests and donated the remaining.
27. What was Chips' will?
Ans. His will distributed his money among Mrs. Wickett, mission and scholarship to the school.
28. Who were stink merchants?
Ans. These were the scientists who invented bombs and weapon in their laboratories.
29. Who was the last visitor of Mr. Chips?
Ans. He was a small boy named Linford.
30. When and how did Chips die?
Ans. He died in November 1933 due to Bronchitis.

MCQ's - MODERN PROSE & HEROES

(Solution is only given in the hard copy)

Choose the best answer.

1. Each star makes its voyage in complete loneliness. (visit, appearance, journey, movement)

2. We find the universe frightening because of its immense distances. (small, huge, no, minor)

3. The space beyond the Milky Way is immensely cold. (shinning star, collection of stars, planets, the sun)

4. We are more critical than our forefathers. (credulous, logical, illogical, superstitious)

5. Thrifty housewives preserved their home grown vegetables and fruits. (frugal, dirty, spendthrift, careless)

6. Superstitious people believe in the signs of good or bad luck. (broad-minded, credulous, modern, intelligent)

7. He asserted that God put those tonsils in his son's throat for some good purpose. (claimed, retorted, answered, narrated)

8. No body ought to be compelled to earn his entire was through college. (expelled, engaged, forced, taught)

9. It is always to the detriment of their health. (damage, advantage, need, improvement)

10. The voice it heralded sounded in my ears like a summons to damnation. (paradise, hell, pressure, fair)

11. Sometimes there were unexpected respites. (joys, breaks, gifts, dreams)

12. I could hardly believe that three strenuous school terms had rolled away. (pleasant, tiring, critical, long)

13. Many people are reluctant to throw anything that looks like a book. (ready, worried, willing, hesitant)

14. It is sometimes difficult to find a scaffold for books. (classes, gallows, proper place, hidden place)

15. I walked on with an air of rumination. (remuneration, meditation, diffidently, differently)

16. I began to indolently study diseases. (gladly, quickly, lazily, indifferently. 

17. Gout was in its most malignant stage. (mild, initial, virulent, obvious)

18. I crawled out as a decrepit wreck. (strong, brave, weak, coward)

19. When I go into a bank I get rattled. (confused, sad, happy, angry)

20. My voice was sepulchral. (soft, loud, gloomy, low)

21. The people in the bank had the impression that I was an invalid millionaire. (illiterate, disabled, poor, very rich)

22. Occidental countries launched a warm hug to China. (western, eastern, northern, southern)

23. There is a lack of femininity in the Chinese women. (beauty, shame, fashion, womanliness)

24. Mao says that it is the people, and not things, that are decisive. (important, unimportant, trifle, problem)

25. A tremendous population explosion is taking place. (rapid growth, decrease, control, planning)

26. Nine and a half million perished in a single famine. (drowned, deprived, tried, died)

27. Food could not be distributed to the isolated areas. (at hand, remote, prosperous, well - off)

28. Abd-al-Rahman was a youth of exceptional nerve and ability. (good, strong, little, extraordinary)

29. In North Africa, he bravely escaped assassination. (punishment, murder, prison, capture)

30. Abd-al-Rahman imported exotic plants to his garden. (native, beautiful, best, foreign)

31.The head master showed discernment in judging my general ability. (wisdom, illiteracy, rejection, mystery)

32. After much reflection I put a bracket round it. (shadow, echo, thinking, wait)

33. I continued in this unpretentious situation for nearly a year. (troublesome, tiring, cruel, simple)

34. Naturally I am biased in favour of boys learning English. (bad, cruel, partial, dull)

35. Large parts were almost uninhabited. (unpleasant, underdeveloped, unpopulated, uncultivated)

36. The driver was reluctant to take Christopher. (willing, hesitant, eager, drunk)

37. They went to a well to replenish their water-bags. (empty, wash, refill, draw)

38. The land of thirst and death was an area notorious for sandstorms. (famous, noble, defamed, well known)

39. Lister's aim was the prevention of disease. (growth, stopping, pruning, flourishing)

40. Injecting carbolic acid was abandoned soon. (given up, adopted, practiced, propagated)

41. He discovered the body's natural armour, the leukocytes.(attack, prevention, defense, killer)

42. Lysozyme was the forerunner of penicillin. (herald, killer, father, companion)

43. Pasteur's father had been one of Napoleon's conscripts. (friends, servants, soldiers, opponents)

44. Until 1849, the industry of silkworm had flourished consistently. (declined, died, prospered, decreased)

45. Providentially, Pasteur's mind was not injured. (clearly, consequently, immediately, fortunately)

46. Pasteur arrived at the method of attenuating germs. (cultivating, growing, killing, weakening)

47. At first the British High Commissioner demurred. (admired, objected, stopped, instructed)

48. Turks vowed that death was preferable to rule by Greeks. (declared, said, repeated, swore)

49. Mustafa Kamal abolished the old Turkish script. (promoted, changed, supported, put to and end)

50. Mustafa Kamal was the saviour of Turkey. (leader, ruler, deliverer, destroyer)

MCQ's  - GOOD BYE MR. CHIPS

(Solution is only given in the hard copy)

Choose the best answer.
1. Brookfield was established in the reign of Elizabeth. (conquest, name, period, area)

2. Wetherby restored its fortunes status somewhat. (brought, revived, established, caught)

3. The snobbish people said that they thought they had heard of Broofield. (rich, poor, humble, educated)

4. He remembered the day of his preliminary interview. (introductory, first, successful, long)

5. Chips had a vivid recollection of Wetherby. (picture, record, memory, books) 

6. Give your enthusiasm to Brookfield and Brookfield will give you something in return. (experience, zeal, life, decision)

7. He remembered that first tremendous ordeal of taking prep class. (trial, situation, experience, task)

8. Chips was at the mercy of five hundred unprincipled ruffians. (youngsters, toddlers, barbarians, pioneers)

9. The scowl he assumed to cover his inward nervousness. (position, intimacy, frown, obduracy)

10. Chips knew the inadequacy of his qualification. (advantage, merits, defects, qualities) 

11. Chips slipped and wrenched his ankle. (broke, fractured, sprained, messaged)

12. Chips was rescued by Katherine. (loved, abused, saved, insulted)

13. Chips' sprain put him on Katherine's mercy. (injury, foolishness, personality, old age)

14. Katherine had freckled cheeks. (bright, beautiful, spotted, shinning)

15. In politics, Katherine was radical. (loving, easy, revolutionary, soft)

16. Chips remained conservative in politics. (good, orthodox, non-serious, indifferent)

17. Actually Chips nodded and stumbled on. (flew, walked, fell, stopped)

18. Katherine broadened his views and opinions. (narrowed, limited, widened, distorted)

19. Everything ended without a slightest hitch. (difficulty, case, jerk, objection)

20. Katherine did not like cocksure type of boys. (humble, tall, lazy, confident)

21. Chips was standing in a trance. (half-conscious state, happy, hall, sad mood)

22. Chips nearly answered that he could go to blazes. (hell, shelter, heaven, haven)

23. Chips did not want to receive condolences. (praises, horrors, curses, sympathies)

24. Just as marriage had added something so did bereavement. (happiness, grief, fun, comfort)

25. Chips changed his commodious apartment. (comfortable, small, ugly, large)

26. Chips once thrashed Collingwood. (pushed, rewarded, beat, loved)

27. Mr. Chips remembered many funny anecdotes. (games, poems, essays, tales)

28. Chips remembered Katherine laughing at some howler. (punishment, mistake, admiration, appreciation)

29. Chips remembered the dizzy happiness. (lay, certain, puzzled, great)

30. It was queer that things were so clear in Chips' mind. (sad, funny, strange, interesting)

31. Ralston was pontiful. (docile, insulting, confident, coward)

32. He was efficient, ruthless, ambitious but not very likeable. (careless, merciless, helpless, brainless)

33. Chips' method of teaching was slack. (modern, old, unique, slow)

34. Mr. Chatteris accepted the situation wisely and courteously. (reluctantly, hesitatingly, unwillingly, kindly) 

35. Chips was given an uproarious farewell. (comfortable, quiet, noisy, calm)

36. Mr. Chips' speech was impeded by laughters of the audience. (praised, disliked, liked, interrupted)

37. Mrs. Wickett's house itself was ugly and pretentious. (costly, far away, ordinary, showy)

38. At Mrs. Wickett's, Mr. Chips was leading a pleasant and placid life. (calm, busy, happy, regular)

39. Chips kept up hospitality in his room. (reading, knowledge, reception, showiness)

40. Mr. Chips' voice had still a good deal of sprightliness. (jerkiness, liveliness, hardness, toughness)

41. There was the shrill whine of anti-air craft shells. (danger, destruction, cry, anger)

42. The armies were clenched in deadlock. (occupied, troubled, gripped, dripped)

43. I do sympathize with you. (know, be ashamed, alarm, feel sorry)

44. At fifty he was the doyen of the staff. (junior, respected by, senior member, local)

45. Chips made desultory notes in an exercise book. (disorganized, organized, short, beautiful)

46. It was a damp shinning day. (acrid, foggy, sunny, dry)

47. It was cold and foggy and he dared not go out. (rainy, sunny, misty, windy)

48. The meeting with Linford had exhausted Mr. Chips. (freshened, distorted, tired, ruined)

49. Sleep again if you inclined. (disturbed, tempted, noisy, troubled)

50. The whole pageant of the past swang before him. (story, performance, spectacle, incident)

MCQ's –Correction.

(Solution is only given in the hard copy)

Choose the best answer. 
1. I bought two dozens eggs. (I bought two dozen eggs./I buy two dozen eggs./I bought dozens of eggs./I buy dozens of eggs.)

2. Cattles are eating grass. (Cattle is eating grass./Cattle are eat grass./Cattles is eating grass./Cattle are eating grass.)

3. He gave me advices. (He gave me much advices./He gave me many advices./He gave me much pieces of advices./He gave me many pieces of advice.) 

4. His hairs are grey. (His hair are grey./His hair were grey./His hair will be grey./His hair is grey.)

5. Politics are a dirty game. (Politic is a dirty game./Politics is a dirty game./Politic are dirty games./Politics are dirty games.)

6. Sheeps are grazing in the field. (Sheeps is grazing in the field./Sheeps grazing in the field./Sheep are grazing in the field./Sheep is grazing in the field.)

7. One should do his duty. (One should do her duty./One should do its duty./One should do one's duty./One should do my duty.)

8. He, you and I told the news. (I, he and you told the news./You, I and he told the news./He, I and you told the news./You, he and I told the news.)

9. I as well as you were wrong. (I as well as you had wrong./I as well as you was wrong./I and you was wrong./I as well as you were wrong.)

10. He said to me, "Are you kidding?" (He said to me I was kidding./He asked me if I was kidding./He asked me if I am kiddling./He tells me if I was kidding.)

11. Either you or I are wrong. (Either you or I is wrong./Either you or I am wrong./Either you or I was wrong./Either you or I have wrong.)

12. The murdered hanged yesterday. (The murderer hung yesterday./The murdered was hung yesterday./The murderer is hanged yesterday./The murdered was hanged yesterday.)

13. He knows swimming. (He know swimming./He knew swimming./He knows how to swim./He knows to swim.)

14. He is ill for a week. (He is ill from a week./He is ill since a week./He has been ill for a week./He has been ill from a week.)

15. It is raining since morning. (It was raining since morning./It has been raining since morning./It rained since morning./It will be raining since morning.)

16. Rich should help poor. (Rich should help poors./The rich should help the poor./Rich should help the poor./ The rich should help poor.)

17. Honesty is a best policy. (Honesty is the best policy./Honesty is best policy./The honesty is a best policy./The honesty is the best policy.)

18. The man is mortal. (Man is the mortal./The man is the mortal./Man is mortal./Man is a mortal.)

19. His pen is superior than mine. (His pen is superior than me./His pen is superior to you./His pen is superior to me./His pen is superior to mine.)

20. I called him as fool. (I called him a fool./I called him as a fool./I called him fool./I called him as for fool.)

21. This is a worth reading book. (This is a book worth reading./This is the book worth reading./This is the worth reading book./This is worth reading book.)

22. This is the last news. (This is the latest news./This is last news./This is the later news./These are the last news.)

23. I do not have some money. (I do not have many moeny./I do not have any money./I do not have a few money./I have no any money.)

24. This cloth is more inferior to that. (This cloth is inferior to that./This cloth is much inferior to that./This cloth is more inferior than that./This cloth is inferior than that.)

25. He behaves cowardly. (He behaves coward./He behaves in a cowardice manner./He behaves in a cowardly manner./He cowardly behaves.)

26. The faster you walk, better it is. (Faster you walk, better it is./Faster you walk, the better it is./The faster you walk, the better it is./The more fast you walk, the better it is)

27. The patient has been operated. (The patient had been operated./The patient have been operated./The patient has been operated upon./The patient has been operated with.)

28. She is good of English. (She is good at English./She is good in English./She is good with English./She is good on English.)

29. She congratulated me for my success. (She congratulated me to my success./She congratulated me on my success./She congratulated me over my success./She congratulated me upon my success.)

30. Although he is old, but he is strong. (Although he is old, he is strong./Although he is old he is strong./Although he is old yet he is strong./Although he is old but he is strong.)

IMPORTANT ESSAYS

(Paper Tips are only given in the Hard Copy)

1. A Visit to a Historical Place

     Historical heritage is the real asset of a country. The living nations always protect their historical traditions. They feel proud of these works of genius. Pakistani culture is rich in every respect. I love the whole Pakistani culture. The things that attract me the most in this respect are the historical buildings in Pakistan. Last summer, my friends and I made a programme to visit the historical places of Lahore. We started from Multan and reached Lahore in the twilight of evening. We spent the night in a hotel. 

     The next day, we were much excited. We decided to visit the tomb of Jehangir. We heried a taxi and reached the tomb. The four minarets of the tomb were presenting a very majestic vies. The tomb was surrounded by a wall. Its entrace was very beautiful. There was a park inside the wall. The park was full of blooming flowers. They were spreading their fragrance all around. It was a very charming sight. There were some cool shady trees. Many birds were sitting in the twigs of these tress. They were chirping.
     In front of the tomb, there was a beautiful fountain. It was sprinkling its light shower, The drizzling of drops produced a charming music. The place in the words of S.T. Coleridge was "A savage place ----- holy and enchanted." 
     Soon after, we entered the edifice that contains the grave of the emperor. Here we pondered over the mystery of the death for sometime. The room was decorated with colourful designs. We offered "Feteha" and prayed to God to bless the emperor with eternal blessings. The building itself was a wonderful piece of Muslim architecture.
     We came up to the terrace and had a view of the city of Lahore. It was a beautiful sight. The cool breeze and deep blue sky had a magical effect ou us. we came down and sat under a tree to take some rest. We ate some eatables and drank cold drinks. In the evening we returned to our hotel. Our minds were full of solemn thoughts. We were pondering over the mystery of death and eternity of nature. We agreed with Shakespeare:

"In Nature's infinite book of secrecy

A little I can read."

     

2. A Cricket Match

   Nobody can deny the importance of sports and games in life. They play a vital role in building our body and muscles and nerves. Besides this, games teach us endurance and tolerance. 

     Matches are the events full of enthusiasm, zeast and gusto. A match is the most exciting activity. Some matches are quite thrilling, sensational and full of suspense. Such matches are really enjoyable and people are amazed to watch them. 

     I also got a chance to see such a match just last Sunday. It was the final match of a cricket tournament. It was played between our College Senior Team and Eleven Stars Cricket Club. It was played on a pleasant morning. The stadium was jam-packed with spectators. The umpires with the two captians came into the ground. First of all, the two captains tossed. It was won by the captain of Eleven Stars Cricket Club. They decided to bat first. 

      The openers entered the ground with dignity. They came running towards the pitch circling their bats around. The fieldling team also came up running to take their positions in the field. The two official scorers took their seats. The commentary on the match, both in English and Urdu, was exciting and enjoyable. The sky was overcast a bit at the start of the match, but soon afterwards, its was a sunny day. 

     At the beginning, the match was a bit slow in tempo. It was a 25 overs match. In the first ten over, the batting team could score only 40 runs for the loss of four wickets. In the next 10 overs, they further lost thress wickets but the score was then one hundred and one. Last fiver overs were the most exciting, for they scored 57 more runs in them. The total reached 158 runs in 25 overs for the loss of nine wickets. 

     After the first innings, there was a short break of 30 minutes. During it, the vendors appeared with various eatables. The spectators began chatting, eating and drinking and cold drinks.
     Soon the match resumed. In the first seven over, our team easily scored seventy runs without losing any wicket. But the next three overs were crucial. We lost four important wickets one after the other. In short, the match was even till the last over in which the batting was to get only nine runs and the bowling side was to take only a wicket to win the match. Every ball created suspense and excitement among the crowd. At hte last ball only two runs were required. The batsman hit a boundary and our team won the match.
     Some excited spectators ran towards the winning team, some started leaving and some kept sitting to see the prize distribution ceremony. 

IMPORTANT ESSAYS

(Paper Tips are only given in the Hard Copy)

3. My Hero in History

     Hero is a man of outstanding character and matchless genius. He must be a man of unique qualities. Though the Muslim History is full of great men, my hero in history is Allama Muhamman Iqbal. I think, he is really a man worthy of the tilte "Hero."

     Allama Muhammad Iqbal, our national poet was born at Sialkot. After completing his primary education, he came to Lahore for learning. At time time the English were the rulers. They did not like the Muslims. They tried their best to keep the Muslims backward and ignorant. Iqbal, who was a great well-wisher of the Muslims, tried to awaken the Muslims from their sleep of ignorance. He wrote a number of poems and verses to make the Muslims realize their negligence. He taught the lesson of 'self-esteem'. He made them realize the achievements of their forefathers. He wrote many letters to Quaid-e-Azam to urge him to work for his nation. 

     In the session of Allahabad in 1930, he suggested the solution to the discontent in India. He showed a sure way of peace and happiness for the people living in India. This speech of Iqbal shows his concern for his nation. He said that the Muslims were different in their religion, beliefs and traditions from the other nations living in the sub-continent. He said that the concept of nationality of the Muslims was quite different from those of other nations of the world. He said that India should be divided into two national states. The territories of the Muslims majority should be made a new Muslim state. 

     Iqbal was a great Muslim poet. The purpose of his poetry was to teach the Muslims what they had forgotten. It was the lesson of their golden traditions and matchless achievements. He wrote his poetry to urge the Muslims to break the chain of slavery. His poetry is permanent source of joy and inspiration for the Muslims. It is full of national feelings and sentiments. 

   The poetry of Iqbal places him high among the stars in the sky of immortal fame. He wrote both in Urdu and Persian. Many references to the Holy Quran can be found in his poetry. Some critics go even to the extent that his poetry is the true explanation of the Holy Quran. It elevates spiritually and morally.
     In this age when the Muslims are being insulted throughout the world, it is necessary that we should get guidance and inpiration from his poetry. If we study his poetry and follow his advice, we would regain our lost status. His poetry is not for one time. It is for everyone and for every age. What a perfect code of ethics and morality! May the Muslims of today study his poetry and get a urge to gain their golden past. Aameen! 

4. Uses of Science

     Science is an objective study of nature and its laws. It is an unending search for truth. It is the most useful quest of man. It has proved a faithful friend of manking. Its great service in the fields of agriculture, industry, medicine and travelling are amazing. It has increased human comfort with its vast range of inventions. It urges man to discover new secrets of the universe. It is an unending source of human struggle. 

     Life is a constant struggle. Man has to toil throughout his life to meet the needs of life. He has to face the odds of life. He has to face dangers in life. It is the struggle for survival. It is science that has helped man to make a safe home for him. Now the service of science is even more wonderful than the wonders of magic. Now there is no need to live in the caves or the underground holes. Man has built high and magnificient buildings. The houses are full of the facilities provided by science. Science has made human life very comfortable and safe. 

     In the past man had to travel on foot. Now travel has become a pleasure for him. He can travel through the world for pleasure's sake only. It is no more difficult and dangerous. Man has got the better of birds in their flight. Man has invented more speedy aeroplanes than sound by which he can cover distances in short time. Trains, buses, cars and taxies all are available to drop us anywhere across the country. Man is not sad at saying good bye to his near ones. He can contact them in seconds on telephone, internet, and by other means of communication. All this is possible because of science. 

    Science has provided us with many means of information, entertainment, amusement and fun. TV, Radio, Dish Antenna, Cinema, DVD and Computer all are the sure means of entertainment. Computer has changed the world into a global village. Man can participate in any activity around the world. The attainment of knowledge in now easier than ever before. 

     Science has performed wonders in the field of medicine. Now even the fatal diseases have been controlled. Wonderful drugs cure man of his diseases. The most important of all is that it has given man a scientific outlook. Man has become rational in his approach. Science has reached its highest point in the field of surgery. 

     In short, science is such a great blessing as has proved useful in every field of life. It is because of science that this era has been declared as an age of light and knowledge. It has broadened out outlook and views. Now we think in a broader sense. 

IMPORTANT ESSAYS

(Paper Tips are only given in the Hard Copy)

5. Life in a Big City

     A city is a vast built-up area where a large number of people live and work. The outlook of a city is different from that of a village. Here we find high buildings, vast roads, big parks, crowded bazaars, and government offices. In cities, people remain busy the whole day. Even at night, certain places i.e., cinema houses, theatres and parks remain crowded. 

     The city life is an easy life. It provides all sorts of facilities. Schools, colleges and universities are the main centres of education. Hospitals provide the people with medical facilities. Cinema houses and theatres are there to provide people with every kind of fun. Fast communication and transportation are also there to serve people. 

    About all sorts to eatables are available in a city. There are provision stores, hotels, canteens and utility stores to fulful the needs of people. Usually the streets and roads in the cities are clean and wide. Sanitary conditions in the cities are really wonderful. Clean drinking water is accessible all the time. 

     Education is the sure means of progress. It is a necessary element for the uplift of mankind. Without education man is no better than animals. It makes man civilized, cultural and noble. The cities provide a lot of opportunities for education. Schools, colleges and the universities are on plenty in cities. 

     The city life provides man with a lot ot chances of progress. It is so generous that it accommodates everyone. From specialist to a layman, all can find something of their interest in city life. 

     Though the benefits of city life are many, there are also certain demerits of this life. In cities, life is quick and uncertain. Approximately all sorts of evils can be found in city life. The daily newspapers expose these urban crimes. 

     In cities, people are selfish and proud. They do not take heed to what is happening around. They have their own interests and desires. They lack the qualities of hospitality, generosity and simplicity. They are always busy either in earning or spending money. They do not care to help the needy and the ailing poeple. 

     Though people living in cities can get all sorts of food but they cannot enjoy the pure and fresh food. They inhale the polluted air. The atmosphere in cities is dusty and smoky. 

     Some suitable steps can make the city life worth-living. First of all, steps should be taken to provide people fresh air and clean water. The food supplies should be checked. Tress should be planted to ensure clean atmosphere. The moral sense of the people living in cities should also be awakened. 

6. My Last Day at College

   

Memory is the treasury and guardian of all things.

(Marcus Tullius Cicero)

    Memories are more indelible than ink. Days pass however the memories and associations they leave refuse to die. My last day at college is one of those bygone days whose memory is still fresh and clear in my mind. It was one of the golden days of my life. It was a day of sadness as well as preparedness.
     I had spent two years in my college. I had learnt many lessons. I had made many friends. I had developed great respect for my teachers. I had participated in many co-curricular activities. I had won many prizes. I had evolved great intimacy with the college building.  In fact, I had enjoyed my stay at college.

     A sunny day of March was my last day at college. The holidays preparatory to the final examination were going to commence from the next day. All the students were in their best clothes. Our juniors of first year class had hosted a farewell party for us in the college hall. We were entertained with speeches, songs, jokes, burgers and cold drinks.

     However, the best part of the farewell party was our principal's speech. He gave us many pieces of advice. He advised us to be honest, truthful and upright in our dealings. I will never forget his words, "Hard work and perseverance is a key to success." In the end, he wished us all a successful life and a bright future.

    All the students stood up from their seats. They shook hands with their worthy teachers. Some of the students obtained the teachers' autographs in their diaries. The teachers handed us our character certificates. All the students embraced each other for the last time. It was a very sentimental, emotional and pathetic scene.

     Finally we came out of the hall and gathered in the garden. We took some group photographs. I looked at the college thoughtfully. The college building, the playground, the trees in the college courtyard, the class rooms and even the college library seemed to whisper to me how they would miss me. Even the last day at college had ended.

Farewell, my friends! farewell, my foes!

My peace with these, my love with those:

(Robert Burns)

IMPORTANT ESSAYS

(Paper Tips are only given in the Hard Copy)

7. My Favourite Book

    

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

(Francis Bacon)

      Reading is the exercise of mind mostly done with books. A book is a volume of many sheets of paper bounded together, containing text, illustrations, photographs, or other kind of information. I have read many books but the Holy Quran is the most important and sacred book to me. Thus it is my favourite book. 

     The Holy Quran is basically a religious book of Muslims. It was revealed to the last prophet of Allah, Hazrat Muhammad (SAW). The arch-angel Gabriel brought this scripture in the 7th century A.D. in installments. It is in Arabic. It has 30 sections, 114 chapters and 6,666 verses. It is the only infallible book of the world.

     The Holy Quran holds a pride of place. Before touching it, ablution is compulsory. Care is taken that it does not come into contact with any unclean substance and it is never to be laid upon the ground. The most eloquent testimony of the place accorded to the Holy Quran is that many Muslims learn it by heart. They are called 'hafiz'.

     Recitation of the Holy Quran is the core of religious devotion. It is recited on many different occasions. It is recited in prayers. Ventures and public meetings are started with its recitation. The art of recitation is called 'tajwid' or 'tartil'. Participation in recitation, whether as a reciter or listener, is itself an act of worship. 

     I get up early in the morning. After offering the morning prayer, I recite a few verses from the Holy Quran and study the Urdu paraphrase of these verses. These inform me about the tenets of Islam. These tell me how to please Allah. These warm me against malignancy. Thus these verses teach me the spiritual, social and legal codes of conduct. 

     In short, the Holy Quran has more qualities than pens can write or words can describe. It is an encyclopedia of knowledge, wisdom and morality. So we should study it with paraphrase and act upon the golden tidings given in it. It can make us true Muslims and ideal persons for society. Thus I love it very much.

The superiority and preference of the Holy Quran on all other books and

sayings is the same as the superiority of Almighty over His creatures.

(Hazrat Muhammad SAW)

General Essay

8. General Essay - Twenty Five in One

(i)  Energy Crisis (ii) Unemployment (iii) Terrorism (iv) Drug Addiction (v) Black Marketing

(vi) Corruption (vii) Inflation - Rising Prices (viii) Over-Population (ix) Environmental Pollution

(x) Smuggling (xi) Mass Illiteracy (xii) Drug Trafficking (xiii) Sectarianism (xiv) Economic Crisis

(xv) Beggary (xvi) Bribery (xvii) Nepotism (xviii) Tax Evasion (xix) Violence (xx) Poverty 

(xxi) Political Instability (xxii) Lawlessness (xxiii) Social and Economic Crisis 

(xxiv) Social and Economical Problems (xxv) Injustice and Inequality

--------------------

     __________ is a major problem in most backward and developing countries. It indicates our moral, social and religious downfall. It is a matter of great shame that in spite of becoming a nuclear power, we are far behind other nations in the way of character and faith. There are many factors which are responsible for __________. Illiteracy, poverty and false ideas of society are the major causes of this social evil. However, a close analysis reveals that craze for wealth and power is the base of all kind of __________. People have become greedy and selfish. They do not know the virtues of love, sympathy and sacrifice.
      __________ has become one of the most important problem of all the world especially of the third world countries like Pakistan. It is full of danger of evil impacts. It destabilizes and demoralizes nations and gives birth to depression and frustration in the society and state. It creates and spreads the feelings of uncertainty, instability and insecurity among the masses. If it creeps in a society, it eats into its vitals and soon roots out its inner strength. It destroys its outer splendor, economic prosperity, social peace and national unity. Consequently, a nation's good image is spoiled in all over the world. Lawlessness becomes order of the day due to poverty, corruption, violence, indiscipline and mass illiteracy. It it is not effectively, properly and promptly checked, the entire judicial, moral and economic fabric of a nation will be collapsed.
     ___________ is highly dangerous and devastating for a country like Pakistan that has a weak economy and political instability. If the evil of __________ is not nipped in the bud, it may spread like a bush fire and engulf the whole nation or region like and epidemic. _________ badly shatters people's faith in institution and supremacy of the constitution. It deprives masses from mental, physical, spiritual, moral and economic health. It also paves way for bloody revolutions and military take-overs.
     The main causes of __________ are illiteracy, poverty, economic policies of government and man's burning desire to become rich and bigwig over night. __________ creates economic pressure, social and economic injustice. Feudalism, capitalism and uneven distribution of wealth and opportunities, non-availability of basic necessities and fundamental rights also spread __________. Non-availability of education, health care and jobs also paves the way to spread __________. External factors like agencies of neighbouring  states like India also play a vital role in spreading __________ in Pakistan in order to destabilize it.
     In the end we can say that our officers as well as the scholars, educationists, political parties, NGO's and national mass media should take necessary steps to eradicated this wicked problem for the best national and human interest. Only then we can raise our heads as a free and dignified nation.

IMPORTANT TRASLATION

(Paper Tips are only given in the Hard Copy)

Paragraph No. 1

Translation

      Iqbal is our national poet. He was born at Sialkot. He also got his early education from there. Then he came to Lahore. There he did his M.A. in Philosophy. For some days he also served as a professor at Government College. Then he went to England. On returning from England, he began practicing law at Lahore but he did not like this work. He was much  interested in poetry and national affairs. He was grieved to think that the Muslims were poor, ignorant and backward in the entire world. He has expressed his very grief in his poetry. But his poetry has a quality that it does not dampen the spirit of the reader; it urges him to action. Every verse of Iqbal is full of passion.

Paragraph No. 2

Translation

     The greatest achievement of Quaid-e-Azam is the establishment of Pakistan. There were many aspects of his personality. Continuous struggle was the characteristic of his life. He considered the extreme struggle as the key to success. He fell ill due to excess of work. The doctors advised him to take rest, but he refused to act upon their admonition. At last, the very excess of work became the cause of his demise.

Paragraph No. 3

Translation

     Quaid-e-Azam was proud of the young students of his nation. He wanted that the students should make effort for the construction, progress and solidity of Pakistan with the same passion and eagerness as they employed for its establishment. He said it while addressing a great crowd of students in March 1948.

Paragraph No. 4

Translation

     Quaid-e-Azam had a great love for democracy. He despised all the forms of dictatorship. He said to his nation, "If the Government commits any mistake, criticize it." He thought that legitimate criticism is necessary for the betterment of nation. Quaid-e-Azam never abused or threatened the rulers. 

Paragraph No. 5

Translation

     We are the youth of Pakistan. We should work hard and do our duty with complete honesty. We should do such pieces of work for our country and countrymen that whoever sees us, praises us. In the hour of need, we should not hesitate to stake our lives for our country. We should be prepared for every sacrifice and annihilate the evil designs of the enemy. In this way we should prove to the world that the people of Pakistan are a dynamic nation and do not shrink to offer the greatest sacrifice for the honour of their country.

Paragraph No. 6

Translation

      The first element of national conduct is patriotism. Patriotism is such a passion that sacrifices personal interests upon national interests. The citizen of a free country must think before doing every work that doing such a work is useful or not for the nation. The second important element of national conduct is to employ honesty and justice in every walk of life.

IMPORTANT TRANSLATION

(Paper Tips are only given in the Hard Copy)

Paragraph No. 7

Translation

     Pakistan armies are strong and stable like iron. They help people in every hour of need. They have completed many missions of UNO abroad. Our armies are honoured all over the world. The standard of their training and discipline is very high. Kakool Academy is one of the best training centres in the world. 

Paragraph No. 8

Translation
     These days Pakistan is entangled in many national and international problems. Our enemies are planning to harm us by day and night. We all know about it very well. The enemey of Muslim nation is very clever and canny. To get rid of all these difficulties, we need a sincere and honest leader who can save us from the state of chaos and anxiety. We need to learn a lesson from our glorious past.
Paragraph No. 9

Translation

     Good health is a great blessing. However, man does not value this blessing so long he is healthy. When even a minor disease attacks him, he realizes its value. If some part of body is in pain, the whold body feels its effect. If one is healthy, he enjoys eating, drinking, walking and working. If the health breaks down, one cannot find any pleasure in anything. The life of those people who often remain ill becomes a burden for them and their relations. On the one hand they suffer pain and on the other hand spend money on medicine and treatment. A sick man is a living corpse. 

Paragraph No. 10

Translation

     Cramming is a disease. It does not develop confidence among students. They do not learn self-dependency. When once someone gets addicted to it, then it is hard to get rid of it. It is the duty of teachers that they should develop confidence in students at an early stage and encourage those students who develop the ability to comment themselves. Such students grow into good writers. They do not follow others blindly.

Paragraph No. 11

Translation

     A teacher is the most important and useful member of the society. He provides guidance to those people who are to take over the duties of the country and nation after few years. In this way he makes strong the foundations of society for the time to come. So the need of hour is that the appointment of the teacher should be made with utmost care, and better opportunities should be provided to him.

Paragraph No. 12

Translation

     The most important demand in the present circumstances is to increase the production and decrease the prices. Common man is much worried economically. His income is less than his daily expenses. Due to less income, the prices of daily commodities should be less. This is only possible that there should be a tremendous increase in agricultural and industrial production and people work hard day and night.

IMPORTANT PHRASAL VERBS

(Paper Tips are only given in the Hard Copy)

SET NO. 1
1. Back out
He backed out of the contract at the last moment.
2. Bear up
We should bear up the hardships of life bravely.
3. Break down
The car broke down on the way.
4. Break into
The thief broke into his house last night.
5. Break out
Cholera has broken out in the city.
SET NO. 2
6. Call in
I am seriously ill. Please call in the doctor.
7. Carry off
The kidnappers carried the child off.
8. Come about
How did this damage come about?
9. Come off
What time did this party come off?
10. Cut off
The company has cut off our Sui gas connection.
SET NO. 3
11. Fall in with
I fell in with an old friend on my way.
12. Fall out
The husband fell our with his wife over a trifle.
13. Give up
He has given up smoking forever.
14. Get into
He got into debt because of high living.
15. Get through
He got through the examination in his first attempt.
SET NO. 4
16. Hold back
We should not hold back any thing from our parents.
17. Keep back
We should not keep back any thing from our parents.
18. Lay by
We should lay something for the rainy day.
19. Look after
There is none to look after the poor child.
20. Look down upon
We should not look down upon the poor.
SET NO. 5
21. Pass away
The patient passed away in the morning.
22. Pull down
They are going to pull down the old building today.
23. Put off
Do not put off your meeting.
24.Put up with
I cannot put up with my insult.
25. Run over
A child was run over by a car.
SET NO. 6
26. Set off
We shall set off to Lahore next morning.
27. Stand for
In a traffic signal, the red light stands of "stop".
28. Take after
She takes after her mother.
29. Take in
I was taken in by his friendly manners.
30. ---------------
------------ is a famous phrasal verb used in daily conversation.

IMPORTANT IDIOMS

(Paper Tips are only given in the Hard Copy)

SET NO. 1
1. Break the news
The doctor had to break the news to Ayesha about her husband's cancer.
2. Bury the hatchet
Let us bury the hatchet and be friends again.
3. Carry the day
Our team didn't play well at first, but we carried the day in the end.
4. Cut a sorry figure
She cut a sorry figure in the presence of her ugly husband.
5. Face the music
The politicians have to face the music.
SET NO. 2
6. Add fuel to the fire
Shouting at a crying child just adds fuel to the fire.
7. Beat about the bush
Do not beat about the bush and come to the point.
8. Catch at a straw
A drowning man catches at a straw.
9. End in smoke
All his efforts to start a new business ended in smoke.
10. Nip in the bud
Nip the evil in the bud.
SET NO. 3
11. A blue stocking
She is not well educated but she is a blue stocking.
12. A broken reed
Do not tell your secrets to him because he is a broken reed.
13. A rolling stone
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
14. A sugar daddy
The woman went on a nice winter holiday with her sugar daddy.
15. A wet blanket
Aslam is fun at parties but his brother is a wet blanket.
SET NO. 4
16. All and sundry
All and sundry went to see the village fair.
17. Bag and baggage
He has left Lahore bag and baggage.
18. First and foremost
First and foremost, we should take care of our health.
19. Flesh and blood
Flesh and blood cannot tolerate this act of cruelty.
20. Part and parcel
Hard work is a part and parcel of success.
SET NO. 5
21. A bad debt
He will not pay you back; it is a bad debt.
22. A maiden speech
His maiden speech in the Assembly was successful.
23. A narrow speech
Yesterday, he had a narrow escape from a serious accident.
24. French leave
He got tired with his job, so he took French leave.
25. Rainy day
We should lay by something for the rainy day.
SET NO. 6
26. At eleventh hour
The meeting was cancelled at the eleventh hour.
27. At stone's throw
My college is at a stone's throw from my house.
28. At daggers drawn
All the religious parties in Pakistan are at daggers drawn with one another.
29. For good
He is leaving this place for good.
30. ------------
I asked my teacher the meaning of -----------

Choose the best answer. 
1. We must abide ----- the laws of our country. (with, for, on, by)
2. He is addicted ----- gambling. (at, with, for, to)
3. Our college is adjacent ----- the bazaar. (with, in, by, to)
4. I agree ----- you on this issue. (with, to, at, against)
5. He aimed ----- the bear with a gun. (over, of, on, at)
6. My father is angry ----- me. (on, to, with, over)
7. He availed himself ----- the chance. (at, on, of, off)
8. He was not aware ----- the new situation. (from, at, of, to)
9. The leader was banished ----- a foreign country. (off, of, to, with)
10. Father is not blind ----- his son's behaviour. (of, with, to, for)
11. Do not boast ----- your wealth. (about, of, on, for)
12. The thief broke ----- his house yesterday. (in, into, at, with)
13. Cholera has broken ----- in the city. (in, up, away, out)
14. She was brought ----- by her uncle. (of, on, in, up)
15. Sewage is carried ----- pipelines. (from, through, to, in)
16. The thief was charged ----- theft. (for, with, at, through)
17. I congratulated him ----- his success. (at, in, on, of)
18. The class consists ----- fifty students. (with, for, on, of)
19. He deals ----- me kindly. (in, with, to, for)
20. You cannot even dream ----- success. (over, at, of, on)
21. He is eligible ----- this post. (from, for, to, with)
22. Do not be envious ----- others. (of, with, from, for)
23. You should excuse him ----- this. (for, with, from, on)
24. I am fond ----- reading short stories. (in, at, of, off)
25. The principal was furious ----- his mistake. (at, with, of, for)
26. You should go ----- the moral principles. (by, with, for, on)
27. Karim is gifted ----- the power of speech. (from, of, upon, with)
28. He has no hope ----- success. (for, from, of, about)
29. Nature is not hostile ----- man. (with, over, to, on)
30. They always indulge ----- useless pleasures. (on, in, of, with)
31. I inquired ----- his health. (after, about, for, to)
32. Do not be jealous ----- others. (to, for, of, with)
33. The fox jumped ----- the river. (in, into, down, up)
34. You are justified ----- claiming for your rights. (up, after, in, with)
35. God is very kind ----- His creatures. (with, for, to, on)
36. Do not laugh ----- the poor. (on, at, for, away)
37. He was leaning ----- the wall. (after, against, with, to)
38. Learn this poem ----- heart. (to, about, in, by)
39. He longs ----- a car. (to, for, in, upon)
40. Samina was married ----- him. (with, to, on, by)
41.I am popular ----- my students. (in, with, by, of)
42. I prefer milk ----- tea. (for, to, on, over)
43. The Muslims pray ----- God. (before, of, from, to)
44. Prevent him ----- getting involved in politics. (by, from, of, by)
45. Nasima repented ----- her past conduct. (to, for, of, by)
46. He was run ----- by a car. (from, with, after, over)
47. Do not sneer ----- the poor. (by, at, to, on)
48. You have no sympathy ----- the poor. (with, for, on, of)
49. He takes ----- his father. (after, with, on, at)
50. He warned me ----- that person. (against, of, about, from)

Correction Rules

Sentence Correction is the most Important and high Scoring section in verbal ability portion of any test. The concepts and tricks of this particular topic are based not only on Fundamentals of Grammar but also on correct usage of various words.

So, here are some Tricks for solving Sentence Correction questions in SSC & Banking Exams.

First of all, there are some grammar basic rules, which one must know for better understanding of Sentence Correction Questions. These are:

I. Subject-Verb Understanding: The verb in a sentence must be in accordance with its subject.

(i) They both should be either singular or plural.

Example:

• A boy is reading a novel (singular).
• The boys are reading a novel (plural)

•  

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(ii) In case, the subject is a collective noun, then the verb will take a singular form.

Example: The class is making a noise.

Note:  There are four collective nouns viz. - cattle, poultry, police and gentry; with these nouns, we use a plural verb. And there are exceptions to the rule.

(iii) In case, the subjects are connected by AND; they require a plural verb.

Example: Gold and Silver are precious metals.

(iv) If the subjects are connected by OR, the verb used will be singular

Example: The dog or the pup is sick.

(v) In case there are two different subjects; the verb is put matching the closure subject.

Example:

• Sachin or I am going for a party.
• Sachin or Rahul is going for the party.

(vi) All the sentences that begin with EACH, EVERYONE and ANYONE will have a singular verb.

Example: 

• Every one of the boys loves to ride.
• Anyone has a pen, please.

(vii) Confusion between I and Me: Often there is confusion on which form to use when there are two subjects or objects linked with AND, as in these examples:

a) Jenny and me/I joined the chess club.

b) Jill took Justin and me/I to the shop.

In sentence a) - Jenny and me/I are the subjects of the verb joined. Therefore, the subject pronoun ‘I’ is considered correct grammatically.

For sentence b) - Justin and me/I are the objects of took. Therefore ‘me’ is considered correct grammatically.

Note: Whenever a comparison is made using than or as, the objective form of Pronoun is used.

Example:

• He is taller than I am.
• He writes as fast I am.
• I swim better than him.
• I am as tall as her.

(vi) Usage of NEITHER....NOR and EITHER.....OR: 

If both the subjects are singular, the verb will also be singular.

Example: Either the mother or the daughter has cooked the meal.

But when one of the subjects, joined by OR or NOR is plural, the verb must be plural and the subject should be placed near the verb.

Example: Neither the teacher nor the students were present.

Similar usage:

While forming a sentence, the structure of the sentence should be kept parallel. If an infinitive is used, then all the phrases should have an infinitive. If a verb is used after it, then we use the objective cases.

Example: She likes to cook, dance and play.

Similar rule is used for a gerund.

Example: She likes cooking, dancing and playing.

II. Repetition Error: Sometimes also referred a ‘redundancy’, this is the error of writing the same thing twice.

Example:

• He returned back from Delhi.
• I hardly have any money to give you.

The correct way of saying these should be

• He came back from Delhi.
• I have no money to give you.

III. Modifier Error: A common blunder is to leave a participle, without a subject.

Example: Sitting on the gate, a scorpion stung him.

Here, ‘sitting’ cannot be used for scorpion as it is grammatically incorrect.  So, the correct way of saying should be -

Sitting on the gate, he was stung by a scorpion or

While he was sitting on the gate, a scorpion stung him.

More Example:

He visited the place where Napoleon died during his holidays.

It seems as the participle ‘during his holidays’ is used for Napoleon while it is meant for the person visiting. So the correct way of saying should be -

During his holidays, he visited the place where Napoleon died. Using this, it is easy to grasp.

IV. Comparisons: The comparisons made should be between two similar things, like - The population of London is greater than any other city in India. We are comparing:-

(a) The population of London

(b) Any other city in India.

The correct comparison should be between the populations of both. So, the correct expression should be:-

The population of London is greater than that of any other city in India.

Rule -

(a) When comparative degree is used with than, make sure that we exclude the thing compared from the rest of class of things by using the

Example:

• He is stronger than any man living. (Incorrect).
• He is stronger than any other man living. (Correct).
• Similarly, Solomon was wiser than all other men.

(b) In superlative degree, we must include the thing compared.

Example:

• Solomon was the wisest of all men.
• He is the strongest of all men.

Difference Between some confusing words

i) Few and Less

Few is used before countable nouns while ‘less’ is used before uncountable nouns.

Example:

• There a few children in the class today.
• There is less juice left in the jar.

ii) Few and A few

Few is equivalent to something negligible, hardly any while. A few is equivalent to some.

Example:

• Few persons can keep a secret.
• A few persons are convinced about the new manager.

iii) Little and A Little

‘Little’ and ‘a little’ are used for quantity in the same manner.

Example:

• There is little hope of his recovery (almost nil).
• A little tact would have saved the situation (some tact).

iv) Lay and Lie

We need to distinguish between these two words as they are used very differently.

(a) Lay, laid – read the examples given below to understand the difference clearly.

• ‘Lay the table’ ordered the mistress
• He laid the guitar by his side.
• The hen had laid an egg.

(b) Lie, Lay, Lain

• Let me lie down here.
• He lay under the Banyan tree.
• He had lain in the sun for three hours yesterday.

Some Tricks to solve Sentence Correction:

i) Trust Your Ears - If you become stuck, 'say' the choices in your head and then select the passage that sounds best to your ears.

ii) Know the Time - Use time indicators like -before, during etc., to eliminate options that contain verb tense errors. Note here that events that occur during the same time period must be in the same tense.

iii) Run the Numbers - If a sentence is about some sort of numerical quantity, check for idiomatic errors. And apply the above mentioned difference between words.