BA Third Year Notes

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QUESTION NO. 23
(a) Write a dialogue between two friends about the waywardness among the youth.

Dialogue Between Two Friends about the Waywardness among Youth

Characters: Asif and Raza (two friends)
Time: Noon
Scene: Asif and Raza are coming back from college on a van. They happen to see some students smoking openly on the roadside. This induces them to discuss about the waywardness among youth.

DIALOGUE
Asif: Alas! Our young generation has fallen a victim of waywardness. It is following its own capricious, wanton and depraved inclination.
Raza: I agree with you. I do not see any check and balance by elders, parents and teachers.
Asif: The waywardness in the society is on the rise, mainly due to the ill effects of electronic and print media.
Raza: Yes. Indian movies, misuse of mobile phones and internet are the major causes of waywardness among youth.
Asif: Moreover, Western culture is leading to the increasing tendency of excessive smoking, alcoholism and drug culture among the youth.
Raza: The spreading trend of waywardness in the youth is eroding the vitals of our society.
Asif: Yeh. The rehabilitation of these unfortunate youngsters is the need of hour.
Raza: Parents should keep an eye on their children.
Asif: Government and police should take some strick measures to check this problem.
Raza: In my opinion, well-timed Nikkah is indispensable to prevent youth from waywardness.
(The van applies brakes. Asif's stop approaches. He shakes hand with Raza and alights form the van)
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(b) General Dialogue
Characters: A(junior) and B(senior)
Time: Afternoon
Scene: House/Bazaar/Class-room/Resturant

DIALOGUE
A: Assalam-o-Alaikum! How are you?
B: Wa Alaikum Salam! I'm fine. What are you doing now-a-days?
A: I'm doing my B.A./ I'm doing a job at ________.
B: How is your life going?
A: It's fine. Problems are the part and parcel of life.
B: What's your problems?
A: Load shedding/inflation/rising prices/------- is the major problem confronted to every citizen of Pakistan.
B: I agree with you. It's all due to the negligence and carelessness of government.

A: What are your engagements now-a-days.

B: I'm doing a job at _________

A: _________________________________________________
B: _________________________________________________
A: _________________________________________________
B: _________________________________________________
A: _________________________________________________
B: _________________________________________________
A: Sorry for interruption. My cell phone is ringing. May I attend the call.
B: Surely!
A: My father/mother/wife is calling me at home.
B: Is it an emergency?
A: A little bit.
B: Ok! You can go.
A: Nice to meet you.
B: Wish you good luck. May Allah help to solve your problems and reduce your cares, worries, tensions and frustrations. See you again.
(They shake hands and depart)
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QUESTION NO. 24
(a) Write a dialogue between a student and a teacher on the importance of book reading.
(b) Write a dialogue between two men about dearness.
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QUESTION NO. 25
(a) Translate the following paragraph into English.

TRANSLATION
     Nations get progress in the world on the basis of their contemplations. In history, there is no trace of such a nation which gained a repute without contemplations. The Muslims beacon such people who worshiped natural phenomena and when man was deprived of every kind of faith, he was not in the habit to understand life. The Muslims gave this man a new resolution and inculcated the mysteries of the universe. But, alas, the Muslims have abandoned  the search for knowledge now. That is why they are second fiddle in the whole world.
(b) Translate the following paragraph into English.

TRANSLATION
     We know that there is wide social unrest in our country. Most people are unhappy and dissatisfied with their present lot. People are conceived about the dangers of war, dearness and the increase in the crimes. Poor social and economic conditions are a cause of unrest among students. For instance unemployment incline them to think that their education will not be able to help them in getting a job. Evils such as fraud, lie, injustice and lack of equality are also a source of worries among students.
(c) Translate the following paragraph into English.

 TRANSLATION
    In West, democracy is such type of government where there exist freedom, equality and brotherhood. In it, the real power has the people who are elected by public. The concept of Islamic democracy is much higher that it. In it the real sovereign is Allah and the basic laws have been explained in the Holy Quran. No change can be made in these laws. The representatives of public only implement those laws which are made in the light of Quran and Sunnah.




(d) Translate the following paragraph into English.

TRANSLATION
     It is the need of hour that we should spend as little as possible on weddings. It has often been observed that both the girl's and boy's parents try to spend as much as possible on the wedding. The purpose of this expenditure is to impress others. Instead of it, the parents should ponder whether the girl and boy like each other, and are they fully ready to live with each other for good in future?
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QUESTION NO. 11
(a) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
     Space travel is by far the most expensive type of exploration ever undertaken by man. The vast expenditure of money and human effort now being devoted to projects of putting man into space might well be applied to ends more practically useful and more conducive to human happiness. It is a strange world in which tens of millions of pounds are spent to give one man a ride round the earth at thousands of miles an hour, while beneath him in his orbit live millions for whom life is a daily struggle to win a few coins to buy their bread and butter. The money and effort that go into the development and construction of a single type of space-rocket would more than suffice to rid several countries of such scourge as malaria or typhoid fever, to name only two of diseases that medical science has conquered but which still persist in the world simply because not enough money and effort are devoted to their eradication. Why should the richer countries of the world be pouring their resources into space when poverty and disease on the earth are crying out for relief? One could give a cynical answer to this question and assert that man's expensive adventures into space are merely the by-products of the struggle between great powers for prestige and possible military advantage.
QUESTIONS
(i) Why is it a strange world?
Ans. It is a strange world because it does not do what it should do. It is wasting a lot of money and effort on space exploration while millions of people on the earth are starving due to lack of money and concern.
(ii) Why do malaria  and typhoid still exist in the world?
Ans. Malaria and typhoid still exist in the world because
(a) Scientists put more efforts on space exploration than on these diseases.
(b) The money needed to eradicate these diseases is wasted on space exploration.
(iii) Why is man pouring his resources into space?
 Ans. Man is pouring his resources into space because
(a) He wants to gain prestige or good reputation in the world.
(b) He hopes to get possible military and strategic advantages against others.
(iv) Explain the meanings of the following words:
(a) Scourge     (b) Eradication
Ans. (a) Scourge means a source of widespread dreadful affliction and devastation such as that caused by pestilence or war.
(b) Eradication means the complete destruction or extermination of every trace of something.

(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Ans. Suitable Title
Advantages and Disadvantages of Space Exploration
(vi) Make a summary of the passage.
Ans. Summary
     Space travel is the most expensive type of exploration. It is a strange world. It is wasting a lot of money and effort on space exploration while millions of people on the earth are starving due to lack of money and concern. Poverty and diseases still exist in the world because the efforts and money needed to eradicate them is wasted on space exploration. Except prestige and military advantage, there is no other benefit of space exploration.(word: 77)
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(b) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
     Fortunately, however, the growth of industrialism has coincided in the west with the growth of democracy. It is possible now, if the population of the world does not increase too fast, for one man's labour to produce much more than is needed to provide a bare subsistence for himself and his family. Given an intelligent democracy not misled by some dogmatic creed, this possibility will be used to raise the standard of life. It has been so used to a limited extent, in Britain and America, and would have been so used more effectively but for war. Its use in raising the standard of life has depended mainly upon three things; democracy, trade unionism, and birth control. All three, of course, have incurred hostility from the rich. If these three things can be extended to the rest of the world as it becomes industrialized, and if the danger of great wars can be eliminated, poverty can be abolished throughout the whole world, and excessive hours of labour will no longer be necessary anywhere. But without these three things industrialism will create a regime like that in which the Pharaohs build the pyramids. In particular, if the world population continues to increase at the present rate, the abolition if poverty and excessive work will be totally impossible.
QUESTIONS
(i)  What connection does the writer show between industrialism and democracy?
Ans. The writer shows a strong connection between industrialism and democracy. For example he says,
(a) The growth of industrialism coincides with the growth of democracy.
(b) Without democracy, industrialism will create a regime in which the Pharaohs build the pyramids.
(ii) How can the standard of life be raised?
Ans. The standard of life can be raised with the help of following things;
(a) Intelligent democracy
(b) Trade unionism
(c) Birth control
(iii) How can poverty be abolished?
Ans. Poverty can be abolished by adopting the following measures;
(a) Elimination of war
(b) Birth control
(iv) What will be the impact of increase in population at the present rate?
Ans. If the population continues to increase at the present rate then the following things will become impossible;
(a) Abolition of poverty
(b) End of excessive hours of labour
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Ans. Suitable Title
Industrialism and Democracy
(vi) Make a precis of the passage.
Ans. Precis
     The western countries are making progress in the field of industry with the growth of democracy. An intelligent democracy can be used to raise the standard of life. The standard of life is dependent upon three things; democracy, trade unionism and birth control. With the help of these three things, poverty and excessive hours of labour can also be abolished. (words: 60)
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QUESTION NO. 12
(a) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
     Great progress has been made by America in the field of mechanization. It is spending lavishly on labour-saving machines. Efficient organization if highly mechanized system has resulted in maximum productivity in America. With mass production, the amenities of life are available to almost every citizen. On the contrary, Europe subordinates the use of machines to human happiness and welfare. It encourages man's reliance on his own faculties and realizes the dangers inherent in the American scheme. However, great the advantages of mechanization, it crushes the creative faculty of man and makes a machine out of him. His individual liberty and personality suffer an irretrievable loss. In his moments of leisure the worker finds it difficult to turn his hands to creative work because the machine-made goods do not inspire him in the direction of refinement. These goods also lose their fascination because mass production has given a set back to the individuality of the articles produced. The Europeans, therefore, contend that it is better to sacrifice a few material comforts that crush the aesthetic and spiritual urge in the individual which large scale mechanization is doing in America.
QUESTIONS
(i) What is the result of progress in the field of mechanization in America?
Ans. The progress in the field of mechanization in America has resulted in maximum productivity of goods. In other words, mass production or large scale production is the result of mechanization in America.
(ii) How has it affected America?
Ans. Apparently,  it has positive effects on citizens of America. With mass production, the amenities of life are available to almost every citizens and they are enjoying luxurious lives.
(iii) What is the case in Europe?
Ans. Europeans are quite opposite to Americans. For example;
(a)  They usually rely on their own faculties.
(b) They consider mechanization a danger to their creative faculty, individuality, aesthetic and spiritual urge.
(iv) Why do Europeans sacrifice a few material comforts?
Ans. Europeans sacrifice a few material comforts because;
(a) They want to encourage man's reliance on his own faculties.
(b) They wish to keep alive the aesthetic and spiritual urge in the individual.
(v) Make a suitable title of the passage.
Ans. Suitable Title
Mechanization in America and Europe
(vi) Make a precis of the above passage.
Ans. Precis
     America has made great progress in the field of mechanization by spending abundantly in this field. As a result of maximum productivity, it has succeeded in providing her people a luxurious life. However, Europeans think that machines cause to destroy the creative faculty and individuality of man. They are ready to sacrifice a few material comforts because they do not want to crush the aesthetic and spiritual urge in the individual. (words: 71) 
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(b) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
     In universities in the West, a large part of teacher's time is spent on tutorial work. By a tutorial we mean a regular weekly meeting of a teacher and small group of students. A tutorial is not an occasion for a lecture by a  teacher nor it is an informal conversation piece. It is, in fact, an opportunity for a teacher to get to know his students. It is further a means to discover their potential abilities, stimulate them by discussion, test their response to what they have read, and to give them individual advice on their studies. A tutorial should help a student to clarify his mind by the exchange of ideas, and should send him back to his books with a new awareness and a new interest. It should encourage him to think for himself and give him practice in formulating and expressing opinions. The usual form is that the students read original essays in turn and these are discussed, analyzed and evaluated by the group as a whole under the guidance of the teacher. A further advantage of the tutorial is that it enables the teacher to become intimately acquainted with his students, both as individual as a scholar.
QUESTIONS
(i) What does the writer mean by a tutorial?
Ans. According to the writer, a tutorial means a regular weekly meeting of a teacher and small group of students. It is not an occasion for a lecture by a  teacher nor it is an informal conversation piece. It is, in fact, an opportunity for a teacher to get to know his students.
(ii) Why do the teacher of  the Western Universities spend his much time on tutorial work?
Ans. The teacher of the Western Universities spends his much time on tutorial work because it helps him to know about the "whole child" and he can give the students individual advice on their studies.
(iii) What do the students gain by tutorial work?
Ans.  A tutorial  helps a student to clarify his mind by the exchange of ideas, and  send him back to his books with a new awareness and a new interest. It encourages him to think for himself and give him practice in formulating and expressing opinions.
(iv) Should we adopt this system in our country? If yes why?
Ans. Yes, we should adopt this system in our country. A tutorial is a great help for the students to improve their ideas, thoughts and flourish in studies.
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Suitable Title
Importance of Tutorial
(vi) Make a precis of the passage.  
Precis
     In western universities a lot of tutorial work is done. A tutorial is a meeting of a teacher and small group of students. It is an opportunity for a teacher to get to know his students. It helps a student to clarify his mind by the exchange of ideas, and sends him back to his books with a new awareness and a new interest. It encourages him to think for himself and give him practice in formulating and expressing opinions. It also enables the teacher to become intimately acquainted with his students.
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QUESTION NO. 13
(a) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
     Very few students have really any clear idea of what science mean. The teaching of science in schools tend to obscure the meaning of science. When pupils at school work for a pass in science subject, they regard it their main business to learn a large number of facts and a smaller number of principles and theories. Now all this is good in its way. A scientist must have a certain number of facts, principles and theories at his finger tips. But science would cease to be science if scientists merely worked from fixed sets of facts and theories. The essence of science is the gathering of new facts and the establishment of new theories. Science has advanced rapidly in recent history because scientists have been greedy for new knowledge, and because they have been so ready to disbelieve in text books of their youth. It is, therefore, most important to give our young students of science an awareness of skepticism and open-mindedness that is part of the very soul of science. Let them not think that any branch of science is a subject that one can sit down and learn. Let them realize that science is essentially a creative activity.
QUESTIONS
(i) What is the essence of science?
Ans. The essence of science is
(a) Gathering of new facts
(b) Establishment of new theories
(ii) When does science cease to be science?
Ans. Science ceases to be science when
(a) Pupils work for a pass in a science subject
(b) They learn a large number of facts and smaller number of principles and theories.
(iii) What are the two causes of the advancement of science?
Ans. The two major causes of the advancement of science are;
(a) Scientists have been greedy for new knowledge.
(b) They have been so ready to disbelieve in text books of their youth.
(iv) What should we teach to our students of science?
Ans. We should teach two major things to our students of science.
(a) Awareness of skepticism
(b) Open-mindedness
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Ans. Suitable Title
Teaching of Science as A Creative Activity
(vi) Make a precis of the passage.
Precis
      The essence of science is gathering of new facts and establishment of new theories. Pupils work for a pass in a science subject. They learn a  large number of facts and smaller number of principles and theories. The two major causes of the advancement of science are that scientists have been greedy for new knowledge and have been so ready to disbelieve in text books of their youth. We should teach our students an awareness of skepticism and open-mindedness. (Words: 79)
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(b) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
     Whether the subject should be taught in English in our educational institutions or through the medium of our other tongue is one of the most important problems of the present day. There are quite a few points to be  considered in this connection. Those who oppose the introduction of English as a medium of instruction think that the subjects taught in English are not properly understood by the students. When they are not able to understand a point properly, they are evidently unable to express it properly. When they are compelled to write the answers in English, they feel pained. Hence they develop a sort of inferiority complex. This thing mars the growth of intellectual power and as a result their personality remains undeveloped. Thus they prove a complete failure in their lives. But that is not a sensible way of thinking. As a matter of fact, it is not simply the medium of instruction that counts in the educational affairs. There are some other factors as well to be taken into consideration of mind etc. Moreover, Urdu is still in a stage of infancy. It is impossible for it to compete with English and become mature enough to absorb suitable equivalents of technical terms before it is introduced as a medium of instruction. The change, of course, must be there, but it must be very gradual one.

QUESTIONS
(i) What do the people against English say?
Ans.  The people who oppose English say that the subjects taught in English are not properly understood by the students. This thing mars the growth of intellectual power and as a result their personality remains undeveloped.
(ii) What is the greatest difficulty in changing over to Urdu?
Ans. Urdu is still in a stage of infancy. It is impossible for it to compete with English and become mature enough to absorb suitable equivalents of technical terms before it is introduced as a medium of instruction.
(iii) Till when should we wait for this change-over?
Ans. We should wait for this change till Urdu become mature enough to absorb suitable equivalents of technical terms.
(iv) What sort of change does the writer suggest?
Ans. The writer suggests a gradual change. We should be patient and develop Urdu gradually to compete with English vocabulary.
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Suitable Title
Udru and English As Medium of Instruction
(vi) Make a precis of the passage.
Precis
     Whether Urdu or English should be a medium of instruction is a jigsaw puzzle. Some people favour it while the others oppose. The opponents think that the subjects taught in English are not properly understood by the students. This thing mars the growth of intellectual power of students. However, medium of cannot be blamed solely. Urdu cannot be applied as a medium of instruction because it has not substitutes for scientific and business terms of English. We would have to wait till Urdu matures enough to compete with English.
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QUESTION NO. 14
(a) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
     Mankind has undoubtedly progressed since medieval time. The earliest men lived like brutes. Individuals fought among themselves and strong destroyed the weak, for that is the law of jungle --- the law of irrational life. But man was not an animal. He possessed rational faculties. These faculties gradually developed and appeared in his actions, and man gave up the laws of jungle and evolved his own rational law. Men saw that the law of physical strength was not applicable to their lives. They realized that they have souls and the strength of a being with a soul can consist in a variety of capabilities other than the power to hack and hew and tear and bite. For instance, a man can be strong in reasoning tools, or in controlling the actions of other rational beings by the power of song and speech. Thus men realized that they should not be fighting among themselves but should be working together and giving one another opportunities to develop their respective strength. This was the first step in man's progress. By this means men gained such control over the force of nature and made each other so much wiser and more comfortable that they were convinced that they were the best creation of God.
QUESTIONS
(i) How did the earliest men live?
Ans. The earliest men lived like brutes. They followed the law of jungle. Individuals fought among themselves  and strong destroyed the weak.
(ii) What is the law of jungle?
Ans. The law of jungle means 'might is right'. The strong destroyed the weak. The man who can dominate and establish his power over his fellow beings may be the king of that society. According to this law the strong is the sole powerful.
(iii) What did men learn to do when his reason developed?
Ans. When reason developed, the mind of man got illuminated. He came to know that he should make good relations with other fellow beings of the society.
(iv) How were men convinced that they were the best creation of God?
Ans. When reason developed, man realized that he has soul and the strength of a being. He gained such control over the force of nature and made each other so much wiser and more comfortable that they were convinced that they were the best creation of God.
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Suitable Title
Evolution of Human Faculties
(vi) Make a precis of the passage.
Precis
     On the basis of his rational faculties, mankind developed from irrational brutal life of medieval times to a cultured man. When his reason developed, it illuminated his mind which made him to realize  the value of friendship against enmity. In this way he proved himself to be the best creation of God. 
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(b) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
     Success in the next electoral contest will come only to those political parties that are able to win the support of the people not happy with their current economic situation. A vast majority -- more than 95 per cent -- will vote with no assurance that their welfare is the main concern of the parties seeking their support. This is what makes politics so volatile in the country as it marches towards yet another election. There is a lot at stake in the coming election for the political parties preparing to contest and the leaders who manage them. To win the support of the discontented, the parties and their leaders will need to offer their well-developed programmes aimed at improving the welfare of the citizens. It is my belief that only those parties will succeed in March who have developed programmes to redress some of the problems created by the model pursued over the last five years. That model was focused on developing the principal cities of the country by promoting the sectors that provided a limited amount of employment and yielded in comes to a very small proportion of the population. This model will need to be changed significantly to win the political backing of the deprived and disadvantaged. But that can only happen if the people are presented with programmes in which they can place some trust.
QUESTIONS
(i) Who will win the next elections?
Ans. The political party who wins the support of those people who are not satisfied with their present economic condition, will win in the next elections.
(ii) What does it make politics so volatile in the country?
Ans. People are not sure whether the party seeking their support concerns their welfare as main issue or not. This makes politics so volatile in the country.
(iii) How can the support of the discontented be won?
Ans. The support of the discontented can be won by offering such programmes as aim at the improvement of citizens' welfare. This factor renders the situation to an unpredictable metamorphosis. 
(iv) How can the trust of the people be won?
Ans. The trust of the people can be won by launching practical programmes. 
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Suitable Title
Elections and Welfare of People
(vi) Make a precis of the passage.
Precis
    Only those political parties will win in the coming elections who win the support of people dissatisfied with their present economic condition. Most people cast their votes without being sure that the party will be fit for them. Support of masses can be won by offering programmes of social development. Those parties will win the elections that have a sound plan to eradicate problems created by the set-up used for the last five years. This set-up needs to be changed be benefit  the disappointed people.
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QUESTION NO. 15
(a) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
     Education, in general is enigmatic in Pakistan. It is plagued with falling standards, loss of direction, and insensitivity on the part of governments. Misguided and chaotic as it is, education in Pakistan is misunderstood as restricted to passing examinations or obtaining degrees. It is totally deprived of career planning and skill development. And above all it fails to imbibe in our students, human values which are basic to our Islamic society. The Oxford dictionary defines education as awakening and development of one's character and mental powers. The computerized CD, The World Book, states that education is the process by which people acquire knowledge, skills, habits, values and attitudes. The word education is also used to describe the results of the educational process. Education should help people become useful members of society. It should also help them develop an appreciation of the cultural heritage and teach them to live more satisfying lives. The most common way to get education is to attend school, but much education also takes place outside the classroom. Throughout  history of eduction is not as old as humanity, its demands for the present world are enormous and pressurizing. The world has expanded itself to an era of phenomenal growth and development with multiplying technology. The world today clearly demands specialization and realization of quality education. Simply speaking, teaching two plus two makes four is education, but application of four is all spheres of life is its quality.
QUESTIONS
(i) From which defects does education in Pakistan suffer?
Ans. Education in Pakistan suffers from defects like falling academic standards, loss of direction, and insensitivity on the part of government.
(ii) How can do Pakistanis think education is?
Ans. Pakistanis generally think that education is misguided and chaotic. It is totally deprived of career planning and skill development. It fails to imbibe in our students human values which are basic to our Islamic society.
(iii) How is general education different from quality education?
Ans. General education is different from quality education in the sense that teaching two plus two makes four means general education. However, application of four in all spheres of life means quality eduction. Quality education helps people become useful members of society.
(iv) Give in your own words the definition of education.
Ans.  The process by which society transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another is called education.
(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Suitable Title
Education in Pakistan
(vi) Make a precis of the passage.
Precis
     Education in Pakistan suffers from defects like falling academic standards, loss of direction, and insensitivity on the part of government. Pakistanis generally think that education is misguided and chaotic. It is totally deprived of career planning and skill development. It fails to imbibe in our students human values which are basic to our Islamic society. General education is different from quality education in the sense that teaching two plus two makes four means general education. However, application of four in all spheres of life means quality education. Quality education helps people become useful members of society.
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(b) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.
     A person who is aware of his duties and rights in his society is a good citizen. He knows that he is a member of a group with which he is associated by a thousand and one ties. He realizes that he should live in harmony with other members of society.
     Man cannot live without a society. He cannot live alone. He must live with his fellow human beings. But living in a society means co-operaion with other members of that society. When you live in society, you have to live as others live. You have to accept the conditions and traditions that a society prescribes for its members. These conditions and standards of behaviour are for the common good and welfare of the society and individuals. Society gives you some rights and some duties.
     A good citizen does his best to do his duty to the society. He always keeps in vies the interests of his society and state. He lives a clean and honest life. He keeps away from such activities that may harm the interests of his fellow citizens.
     A good citizen is aware of the fact that he is indebted to his society in many ways. He knows that the labour and work of countless persons have enriched his life. He life, to a very great extent, depends on others. He has received much in material and spiritual benefits from others. It is only just and right that he should pay his debts.
     How does a good citizen pay his debts to the society? By living useful and fruitful life, he lives not for himself alone but he lives for others. He pays his taxes. He takes keen interest in the affairs of his state. He does not live in isolation. He is not selfish. He is tolerant and kind and virtuous.
QUESTIONS
(i) Who is a good citizen?
Ans. A person who is aware of his duties and rights in his society is a good citizen. A good citizen live in harmony with other members of his society.
(ii) Why is society formed?
Ans. Man is a social animal. He cannot live alone. He has to live with his fellow human beings. When men live together and co-operate with one another, a society is formed.
(iii) What are the duties of a good citizen?
Ans. There are many duties of a good citizen. For example
(a) A good citizen should pay his debts to the society.
(b) He should not live for himself but also for other.
(c) He should pay his taxes and take keen interest in the affairs of his state.
(iv) Give other words for;
(a) Harmony     (b) Prescribe     (c) Indebted     (d) Isolation
Ans. (a) Harmony means an  agreement in feeling or opinion.
(b) Prescribe means to set down as a rule or guide.
(c) Indebted means morally, socially, or legally obligated to another.
(d) Isolation means a state of separation between persons or groups.

(v) Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Suitable Title
Qualities and Duties of a Good Citizen
(vi) Make a precis of the passage.
Precis
     A good citizen is aware of his duties and rights in his society. He lives in harmony with other members of the society. He follows the rules and traditions of the society. He respects others because he knows the importance of other people in the society. A good citizen not only lives for himself but also for others. He pays his taxes and takes interest in state affairs. He is not selfish but tolerant, kind and virtuous.
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